Freezing at Work? It's Not Just Fingers, Toes That Suffer

Forget international summits on environmental policy. An ugly war against climate change is probably being waged in your workplace. The scene is the same in many an office: Sally in Accounting shivers at her desk, bundled in a wool sweater, while Tim in Human Resources sweats through the 10 a.m. meeting.

The thermostat is set at 70 degrees, but both workers are getting hot under their white collars.

Extreme office temperature consistently ranks as a pet peeve among office workers in informal surveys. Finding a climate that makes everyone happy is next to impossible, because individuals can experience the same temperature differently. Factor in old buildings with outdated heating and cooling systems, and you've got a widespread workplace woe.

"My fingers get so cold when I'm working, I can barely type on my keyboard," said Robin Clay, a project manager at a bank in Belfast, Maine. She sometimes wears her coat in the office, which is chilly year-round, she said. "I don't know which makes me crankier, freezing in the winter or freezing in the summer," she said.

But more than just workers' moods are affected by uncomfortable temperatures, according to recent research. Alan Hedge, a professor of ergonomics at Cornell University, is completing his third study into the effects of climate on worker productivity. Using software that records the keystrokes of about 30 workers in a New Jersey office, Hedge found that performance dropped and errors rose when conditions were perceived as too cold.

"If you are thermally comfortable, then you actually do better than if you are freezing to death in the building," Hedge said.

Women tend to run cooler than men, thanks to lighter clothing, less body hair and a tendency to move around less, he said.

A temperature range of 72 to 76 degrees is ideal, Hedge said. According to the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 68 to 74 degrees in the winter and 73 to 79 degrees in the summer should suit 80 percent or more of a building's occupants. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommends a range of 68 to 76 degrees.

Building designs and occupancy estimates often inaccurately account for the heat generated by personal computers, one of which can produce the warmth of a human body, Hedge said.

Doug Melton, a communications and control technician at Spectra Energy in Knoxville, Tenn., deals with that reality every day. A thermostat in his company's 1960s-era building controls both a conference room and an adjoining room housing networking equipment that must be kept cool to function properly. When employees crank up the heat and forget to turn it back down, the risk of equipment shutdowns and damage rises right along with the mercury.

"You have the potential to lose all communications out of this office," Melton said.

Then there are the offices where workers only think they have control over the climate. In some aging buildings with newly upgraded systems, non-functioning thermostats are left behind, affording employees only the illusion of climate control, said Don Young, a spokesman for the International Facility Management Association.

Real solutions to the temperature wars exist, however. The fixes range from high-tech window films and individual workspace temperature controls to moving employees around and instituting more flexible dress codes, Young said.

Space heaters are discouraged due to their potential to cause fires, as are fans connected to an extension cord longer than 6 feet, he said.

When Young's 1970s-era Houston building over chills in the summer, he "goes Fred Rogers" and puts on one of two cashmere sweaters he keeps behind his door. He's even resorted to a tactic he learned deer-hunting in Michigan - putting a disposable hand warmer in his left shirt pocket.

Hedge, the Cornell professor, likens the waste of over-cooling a building to cranking up the AC in the car while wearing a sweater, needlessly eating up gas.

And after all, he said, "You can't type on a keyboard with your gloves on."